Não há dúvidas de que o caminho da descolonização é a eclosão do múltiplo em suas emergências de autorias, saberes, estratégias de luta. Ao revelar as fissuras nos mecanismos cristalizados de dominação, da invenção do outro subalterno, são acionadas reapropriações heterogêneas dos legados coloniais. Os movimentos de resistência reterritorializam a memória em disputa, desvendam a relação intrínseca entre memória e território e proporcionam leituras não hegemônicas das histórias e imaginários coloniais; recompõem trajetórias e reconfiguram nas narrativas e ritualidades as relações (...) entre pessoas, corpos e com a alteridade. (shrink)

We present a new functional interpretation, based on a novel assignment of formulas. In contrast with Gödel’s functional “Dialectica” interpretation, the new interpretation does not care for precise witnesses of existential statements, but only for bounds for them. New principles are supported by our interpretation, including the FAN theorem, weak König’s lemma and the lesser limited principle of omniscience. Conspicuous among these principles are also refutations of some laws of classical logic. Notwithstanding, we end up discussing some applications of the (...) new interpretation to theories of classical arithmetic and analysis. (shrink)

Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à interroger et à creuser l’énigme du corps sensible en concevant l’affectivité comme la manière fondamentale d’être au monde dans la philosophie merleau-pontyenne. Notre étude vise à montrer que la chair agit comme l’«entre-deux» du corps sensible – que nous appelons le corps affectif-vécu (résonance affective-corporelle du monde en nous) – cristallisé dans la tonalité fondamentale de l’étonnement. Cette dimension affective de la pensée et de l’être constitue le fondement et le sens de toute l’expérience (...) du monde de la vie. Nous explorons l’affectivité en tant qu’intentionnalité non-objectivante, forme universelle de l’être brut et réhabilitation ontologique du sensible. Ce parcours nous mène du corps esthésiologique au corps libidinal, ouvrant à une autre compréhension du sentir, du désir, de l’amour et de la pensée. Nous étendons cette exploration du sensible aux domaines de l’art, de la littérature et de la théologie, envisageant les possibilités d’une autre métaphysique et d’une force anonyme au cœur du monde. Notre recherche met à jour des aspects impensés de la philosophie de Merleau-Ponty, suggérant une perspective renouvelée sur les catégories métaphysiques et, de cette manière, peut-être en révélant son propre impensé. À travers ce travail de réflexion, nous traçons le chemin d’un corps sensible pensant, en ressentant l’étonnement infini devant « l’étrangeté du monde et des choses » ainsi que devant l’énigme de notre propre incarnation. (shrink)

A reflexão que aqui propomos pretende ser somente uma nota introdutória ao pensamento do filósofo francês Emmanuel Falque, a partir da sua última obra Hors phénomène: Essai aux confins de la phénoménalité. Para tal, partiremos dos pontos fundamentais do seu livro, colocando-o no interior do seu já amplo, vigoroso e maturado projecto filosófico. Assim, esperamos mostrar não só a génese de um pensamento denso e criativo no âmbito da filosofia fenomenológica, e para além-dela, possivelmente, mas também evidenciar alguns horizontes que (...) está obra poderá abrir no âmbito do pensamento contemporâneo. Aventamos aqui a hipótese de que Hors phénomène constitui, de certo modo, um momento charneira ou de inflexão fundamental no percurso filosófico e intelectual do seu autor. Um conceito pensado e forjado a partir da experiência vivida da radical finitude humana, ou melhor, nos confins de toda a fenomenalidade. (shrink)

The Generalized Poisson Distribution (GPD) adds an extra parameter to the usual Poisson distribution. This parameter induces a loss of homogeneity in the stochastic processes modeled by the distribution. Thus, the generalized distribution becomes an useful model for counting processes where the occurrence of events is not homogeneous. This model creates the need for an inferential procedure, to test for the value of this extra parameter. The FBST (Full Bayesian Significance Test) is a Bayesian hypotheses test procedure, capable of providing (...) an evidence measure on sharp hypotheses (where the dimension of the parametric space under the null hypotheses is smaller than that of the full parametric space). The goal of this work is study the empirical properties of the FBST for testing the nullity of extra parameter of the generalized Poisson distribution. Numerical experiments show a better performance of FBST with respect to the classical likelihood ratio test, and suggest that FBST is an efficient and robust tool for this application. (shrink)

Among various case studies addressing the reception of relativity, very few deal with Portugal at either the international or the national level. The national literature on the topic has mainly concentrated on the reactions to relativity of the Portuguese mathematical community. The absence of Portuguese astronomers alongside Eddington during the 1919 expedition to Principe, then a Portuguese island, has been implicitly equated with the astronomical community's lack of interest in the event. In reception studies dealing with general relativity, analysis has (...) tended to focus on the physics and mathematics communities, less on the astronomers. Given that relativity was born at the interface of physics, mathematics and astronomy, reactions of members of these scientific communities depended on differences in shared traditions, values, problems and expectations, as well as on individual practitioners' idiosyncrasies. This paper addresses the contributions of the overlooked Portuguese astronomical community, evaluates the actions and reactions of its members to the expedition and assesses their role in the process of appropriation of relativity. (shrink)

RESUMO:O objetivo de nossa exposição é mostrar que, em sua Carta a d’Alembert, Rousseau retoma o debate clássico sobre a relação entre o teatro e a moral nas mesmas bases estabelecidas por Platão. Sendo assim, a disputa sobre o teatro tem, da parte de Rousseau, uma objetividade que não encontramos no artigo de d’Alembert. Portanto, não se trata de uma diferença de opinião entre Rousseau e d’Alembert, mas da capacidade filosófica de bem compreender o que é próprio ao teatro e (...) à moralidade. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to show how Rousseau, in his Letter to D’Alembert, takes up the classic debate between theatre and morals on the same grounds established by Plato. In Rousseau’s work, the debate about theatre has an objectivity that we do not find in D’Alembert’s article. Therefore, what is involved is not a difference of opinion between Rousseau and D’Alembert, but a difference in the philosophical ability to fully understand what concerns both theatre and morality. (shrink)

O artigo versa sobre a aparição e os desdobramentos de algumas, dentre as principais abordagens da fenomenologia, no que se refere ao problema do sentido intuitivo do dado fenomenológico. Qual sua natureza? Como deve ser teorizada sua objetividade? Bem como, o sentido de sua imediaticidade? É um artigo bastante simplificador do problema, no qual se tem como objeto apresentar a dinâmica do trabalho fenomenológico no período entre 1874 e 1945 a partir de uma brevíssima exposição das polêmicas internas da tradição (...) fenomenológica, com uma sublocação das características do conceito e destas querelas. (shrink)

Algunas de las preguntas fundamentales de la filosofía del arte son: 1) ¿Qué es una obra de arte?, 2) ¿Qué es Arte?, 3) ¿Qué es el arte? Responderlas es determinar el sentido del arte. Este tipo de preguntas están planteadas bajo la fórmula ¿Qué es X?, es decir, preguntas en las cuales en lo simple esta lo complejo, preguntas en donde lo simple no quiere decir que sean sencillas; son preguntas que traen dentro de si su naturaleza y carácter metafísico-ontológico-gnoseológico, (...) y hasta axiológico. No es el propósito de este trabajo hacer frente o resolver estos problemas, sino proporcionar una aproximación al concepto de “obra de arte” en la época actual y como podría entenderse en relación a ciertos problemas ontológicos y epistemológicos actuales. -/- [Extended Version of: Vélez León, Paulo (2006). «Aproximaciones a la ¿obra de arte?». En Políticas al borde. Una investigación sobre el arte contemporáneo cuencano en los discursos políticos actuales, editado por Paulo Vélez León y Hernán Pacucuru. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca/Bienal Internacional de Cuenca, 2006, pp. 1-12]. (shrink)

James Prescott Joule’s (1818–1889) bicentenary took place in 2018 and commemorated by the IDTC with a Symposium—‘James Joule’s Bicentenary: Scientific and Pedagogical Issues Concerning Energy Conservation’—at the European Society for the History of Science (ESHS & BSHS), 14th–17th September, 2018, in London. This symposium had three main objectives: It aimed specifically to celebrate James Joule’s achievements considering the most recent historiographical works with a particular focus on the principle of conservation of energy; It served the purpose of discussing the scientific (...) and pedagogical issues related to heat, energy and work and how they are presented in textbooks and worked out in classrooms; It also provided discussions on the present situation of teaching and learning science through the use of History of Science, both in K-12 and college level with an emphasis on energy and related concepts. In the following, the Introduction of this Special Issue on Joule is presented. (shrink)

There is considerable evidence that animals can time multiple intervals that occur separately or concurrently. Such simultaneous temporal processing occurs both in temporal discrimination procedures and in classical conditioning procedures. The first part of the chapter will consist of the review of the evidence for simultaneous temporal processing, and the conditions under which the different intervals have influences on each other. The second part of the chapter will be a brief description of two timing theories: Scalar Timing Theory and a (...) Packet Theory of Timing. Scalar Timing Theory consists of a pacemaker-switch-accumulator system that serves as a clock, a memory that consists of examples of previously reinforced intervals, and a decision process that involves a comparison of ratios to a criterion; the Packet Theory of Timing consists of a conditional expected time function that serves as a clock, a memory that consists of weighted sums of these values, and a probabilistic decision process that produces packets of responses. Both of these theories will be applied to an example of simultaneous temporal processing by rats, and will serve as the basis for some general comments about the basis for selecting and evaluating quantitative theories of timing. (shrink)

Web legal information retrieval systems need the capability to reason with the knowledge modeled by legal ontologies. Using this knowledge it is possible to represent and to make inferences about the semantic content of legal documents. In this paper a methodology for applying NLP techniques to automatically create a legal ontology is proposed. The ontology is defined in the OWL semantic web language and it is used in a logic programming framework, EVOLP+ISCO, to allow users to query the semantic content (...) of the documents. ISCO allows an easy and efficient integration of declarative, object-oriented and constraint-based programming techniques with the capability to create connections with external databases. EVOLP is a dynamic logic programming framework allowing the definition of rules for actions and events. An application of the proposed methodology to the legal web information retrieval system of the Portuguese Attorney General’s Office is described. (shrink)

In this paper I aim to postulate which are the conditions for a future peace—if it is at all possible—between Israel and Palestine, in the light of the events of 7 October 2023, the unprecedented attack on civilians of Israel, mostly women, elderly people and children, by members of the terrorist group Hamas, and the counterattack by Israeli forces, which, unfortunately, killed many civilians too. Taking as a starting point mainly the theoretical grounds of Kant and Rawls, I intend to (...) discuss the conditions for a future peace between the people of Israel and Palestine, and for the establishment of the UN’s proposal for two states—the State of Israel and the State of Palestine. I wish to consider whether the present events prejudice or even exclude that solution, in the short, medium and long term. (shrink)

The present exposition has the following structure. In the first part,, I will synthetize some of the criticisms of Rawl’s conception of subject, or self; in the second part, I will scrutinize a 1963 paper by Rawls entitled “The sense of justice”, and hope to show, on the basis of this text, that one cannot say that the Rawlsian moral being is a being without flesh, blood or life, as critics have suggested, following in the footsteps of criticism from Hegel (...) to Kant; third, I will examine excerpts of TJ that deal, directly or indirectly, with the concept of subject; finally, I will look at papers published after TJ that may be relevant to the present topic. (shrink)

There are two critical positions as to the rational certainty of knowledge. Habermas proposes a pragmatic position that contextualizes the sense of truth and its significant order, that is, truth is validated through a significant produced socially incommunicative interaction. Rorty considers an a..

O texto fala a respeito do debate entre Searle e Rorty sobre “irracionalismo” de Rorty. Ele tenta mostrar que a posição de Rorty está fora do campo “realismo versus anti-realismo” e o “irracionalismo” não é um bom adjetivo. Searle estaria sobre uma linha incorreta em sua abordagem do tema da verdade em Rorty.

Trata-se de examinar, a propósito da crítica de Hume ao Ensaio de Ferguson sobre a história da sociedade civil, o alcance e os limites da noção de civilização, tão importante para o pensamento das Luzes que a própria palavra foi forjada, pela primeira vez, nessa época. The aim of the article is to study the scope of the notion of civilization as it occurs in Hume's reading of Ferguson's Essay on history of civil society. The importance of the topic in (...) the philosophy of the Enlightenment is such that the very word was coined in the 18th Century. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma visão crítica da democracia contemporânea. Acontecimentos atuais demonstram a vigênciade nuances características do autoritarismoque corrói as bases da democracia. Permanecerá como pano de fundo deste artigo o seguinte questionamento: a defesa da democracia e do direito é suficiente para assegurar os direitos humanos, ainda mais profundamente, para garantir a vida de todos/as? Para responder a essa questão dar-se-á destaque a três aspectos: de que há vidas matáveis; de que há relação perversa entre democracia (...) e autoritarismo e de que o estado de exceção está vigente. A civilização e a barbárie, a democracia e o autoritarismo, a justiça e a violência, já não constituem contraditórios, parecem estar vinculados ao sabor dos interesses e das salvaguardas dos que herdam o triunfo do progresso e já não desenvolvem sequer empatia ou tolerância com o que e os/as que, os/as quem, se lhes opuserem. (shrink)

Para além da doutrinação, que busca dizer ao educando precisamente o que pensar e da lógica que busca dizer uma forma correta de pensar, os debates contifos neste livro enfocam as possibilidades do pensar, desenvolvendo temas tão diversos como a necessidade social do pensar, as possibilidades da argumentação no conflito social, o sentido da filosofia como prática na educação, as relações que provocam o pensar nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento do educando.

Is the dream of EU endangered? This book reviews classic and modern values and virtues, and uses them in order to rethink Europe's present politics and its future. The idea of the Republic was born with the political ethics of ancient Greece. The current international crisis obliges Europe to face the mirror of truth: What has become of the European Idea and how fares the European Constitution? It has been a long road from the Greek Politeia to the present lack (...) of values and financial monomania in Europe, who seems to have lost any harmony between the spirit, the soul and the body of her Constitution: the will and values of the people (material constitution), the text of the Lisbon Treaty (formal constitution) and its current political interpretation and action (real constitution), making Europe a two-tier or three-tier club, far from the dream of the founding fathers. Without republican values and virtues, and failing to uphold the European social model, the European Union would devolve into moral, social and democratic bankruptcy. (shrink)

Proper fork algebras are algebras of binary relations over a structured set. The underlying set has changed from a set of pairs to a set closed under an injective function. In this paper we present a representation theorem for their abstract counterpart, that entails that proper fork algebras — whose underlying set is closed under an injective function — constitute a finitely based variety.1.

MORCILLO, MARTA GARCÍA. LAS VENTAS POR SUBASTA EN EL MUNDO ROMANO: LA ESFERA PRIVADA. Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, 2005, 372 pp.

In this text we present the articles contained in issue 6 of Con-Textos Kantianos, which is dedicated to the relation between Kant’s philosophy and current discussions in philosophy of mind and epistemology. The articles are organized in three sections, dedicated respectively to sensory consciousness and judgement, spontaneity and Kantianism and science.

Este artigo propõe aproximações entre Hume e Mandeville a partir do modo como cada um deles entende a divisão do trabalho como um fenômeno moderno característico das sociedades comerciais europeias. O ponto de partida, comum a ambos, é a ideia de que o homem, ou a natureza humana, é um animal movido por paixões muito semelhantes, senão idênticas, às de outros animais, notadamente os mamíferos. A antropologia subjacente à divisão do trabalho tem, portanto, uma raiz fisiológica. O mesmo paradoxo interessa (...) a esses autores: o processo de divisão do trabalho, que possibilita a produção de tantos artefatos excelentes, é o trabalho de artesãos não qualificados. Há, portanto, uma disparidade entre o produto e o princípio que o engendra. Como pretendemos mostrar, este é o leitmotiv de uma crítica, dirigida por Hume, às provas teleológicas da existência de Deus. (shrink)

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O artigo pretende examinar o significado da expressão “a mais antiga das guerras”, empregada por Diderot no Suplemento à viagem de Bougainville para se referir ao conflito entre o homem e outros animais predadores, inserindo-a na tradição hobbesiana, na qual o estado de natureza é representado a partir de uma analogia entre os homens e esses mesmos animais. Pretende-se mostrar que, em ambas essas teorias, o móbile dessas guerras não é a necessidade, mas o desejo.

This important new book provides a multidisciplinary overview on different discourses and practices, exploring cutting-edge questions from the burgeoning field of artistic research.

Experts in all fields are able to see what is invisible to others. Experts are also able to see what is visible to all—and this is explored by Bilalić and Gobet. We question the method of normalizing all subjects in an experimental condition, and asking experts to behave as if they were novices. We claim that method leads Bilalić and Gobet to a nonsequitur.

In this paper we suggest a model of sequential auctions with endogenous participation where each bidder conjectures about the number of participants at each round. Then, after learning his value, each bidder decides whether or not to participate in the auction. In the calculation of his expected value, each bidder uses his conjectures about the number of participants for each possible subgroup. In equilibrium, the conjectured probability is compatible with the probability of staying in the auction. In our model, players (...) face participation costs, bidders may buy as many objects as they wish and they are allowed to drop out at any round. Bidders can drop out at any time, but they cannot come back to the auction. In particular we can determine the number of participants and expected prices in equilibrium. We show that for any bidding strategy, there exists such a probability of staying in the auction. For the case of stochastically independent objects, we show that in equilibrium every bidder who decides to continue submits a bid that is equal to his value at each round. When objects are stochastically identical, we are able to show that expected prices are decreasing. (shrink)

Tradução do texto Panorama do progresso da sociedade na Europa.